2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震InSAR同震形变场特征及发震构造初步探讨     

温少妍  李成龙  李金 《内陆地震》2020,(1):1-9

基于Sentinel-1 SAR升、降影像,利用D-InSAR技术获取新疆伽师M S6.4地震的同震形变场,结果表明,本次地震引起的同震形变场整体呈近椭圆状分布,形变区东西长约66 km,南北宽约40 km,整个形变场由南部隆升区和北部沉降区组成,南部最大隆升量约7 cm,北部最大沉降量约3 cm。本次地震发生在块体俯冲界面处的低倾角逆冲推覆构造带上,隆升和沉降两个中心均位于逆冲推覆体的上盘,形变主要以隆升形变为主,符合低倾角逆断层中强震的变形特征。在沉降区与隆升区之间干涉条纹连续分布,未出现表征地表破裂位置的空间失相关带,表明地震未引起明显的地表破裂。结合震源机制、余震精定位及区域构造特征,初步推断认为伽师地震的发震构造可能为柯坪塔格推覆构造前缘的N倾的柯坪断裂。  相似文献   

辽东铀成矿带连山关地区韧性剪切带与铀成矿作用     

吴迪  刘永江  李伟民  常瑞虹 《岩石学报》2020,36(8):2571-2588

连山关地区位于华北克拉通北缘铀成矿省辽东铀成矿带，已知铀矿床（点）均发育在韧性剪切带附近。为了解韧性剪切带运动学、几何学构造变形机制及与铀矿的关系，本文以连山关岩体周缘韧性剪切带为研究对象，通过野外宏观调查和室内微观研究相结合的研究方法，探讨构造变形期次、韧性剪切带形成机理及其对铀成矿的控制作用。研究表明：连山关岩体周缘发育的韧性剪切带与近南北向挤压构造变形有关，其右行韧性剪切带应变类型为压扁应变，属于一般压缩-平面应变范围，Flinn指数K值在0.19~0.69之间，岩石类型属于S/SL型构造岩。研究区内铀矿体均为隐伏盲矿体，主要赋存于沿着连山关岩体和辽河群接触带右行剪切作用形成的背斜褶皱核部，和北东东向断裂关系密切。综合分析认为，连山关岩体南缘北西向韧性剪切带为一级控矿构造，是区内铀矿热液运移的通道，而剪切带边部的晚期北东东向断裂则是铀矿储存空间；铀源可能来自于太古宙古风化壳，并在大型韧性剪切活动（提供热液运移通道）和基性脉岩侵入（提供热源和还原剂）等综合因素作用下运移、富集成矿。  相似文献   

开挖前降水引发基坑变形机制模型试验研究     

曾超峰  薛秀丽  宋伟炜  李淼坤  白宁 《岩土力学》2020,41(9):2963-2972

现有基坑相关研究主要关注土方开挖过程引起的变形，认为围护结构变形起点是土方第1次开挖。然而，一些工程实测表明，基坑开挖前降水阶段即可引起围护结构及周边地层发生厘米级的变形。显然，未考虑开挖前变形的基坑监测数据将低估基坑施工的环境效应。为了研究基坑开挖前降水引发基坑变形的机制，开展了室内模型试验，对基坑开挖前降水过程进行了缩尺精细化模拟。通过微型降水井的设置与调控，模型试验真实再现了实际基坑降水过程中井流效应对围护结构受力变形的影响。试验过程中发现，随着降水的进行，坑外降水漏斗不断扩展，围护结构悬臂式侧移及坑外拱肩式地面沉降也随之产生。另外，降水导致墙前水压力明显减小，并诱发墙前侧向总压力重分布（以减小为主），围护结构为此发生指向坑内的悬臂式运动以寻求新的受力平衡，并通过墙后土体损失诱发坑外地层变形。  相似文献   

中-哈-吉-乌天山变形带容矿金矿床:成矿环境和控矿要素与找矿标志     

薛春纪  赵晓波  赵伟策  赵云  张国震  Bakhtiar NURTAEV  Nikolay PAK  莫宣学 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):294-319

天山是全球第二大金矿富集区,世界级和大型-超大型金矿床东西成带横贯中国新疆中部—哈萨克斯坦东南部—吉尔吉斯斯坦—乌兹别克斯坦,构成巨型跨境金成矿带。天山巨型跨境金成矿带和重要金矿床形成的地质环境、成矿的控制要素、找矿勘查的标志都是学术界和工业界高度关注的重大地质和找矿问题。通过广泛、深入地文献调研和境内外天山较全面野外地质矿产调查与研究,本文认为中-哈-吉-乌天山大规模金成矿主体形成于晚石炭世—早二叠世古亚洲洋闭合后的陆块拼贴变形过程,部分形成于中—晚二叠世陆内走滑变形过程。中天山南、北缘古缝合带及其附近的大型脆性/韧-脆性变形带是巨量金成矿的关键控制因素,多期叠加复合成矿是天山变形带容矿金矿床的显著特征。地壳初始富集、构造变形活化、岩浆热液叠加是天山变形带容矿金矿床的主控因素。“碳质细碎屑岩+脆韧性变形带+海西末期岩体”是中-哈-吉-乌天山变形带容矿大型-超大型金矿的找矿标志组合。  相似文献   

东海盆地中、新生代盆架结构与构造演化   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘金水  许怀智  蒋一鸣  王军  何新建 《地质学报》2020,94(3):675-691

基于地貌、钻井、岩石测年和地震等资料,分析盆地地层分布、盆架结构、构造单元划分和裂陷迁移规律,结果表明东海盆地由台北坳陷、舟山隆起、浙东坳陷、钓鱼岛隆褶带和冲绳坳陷构成,是以新生代沉积为主、中生代沉积为辅的大型中、新生代叠合含油气盆地;古元古代变质岩系构成了盆地的基底。该盆地不仅是印度-太平洋前后相继的动力体系作用下形成的西太平洋沟-弧-盆构造体系域一部分,而且也是古亚洲洋动力体系作用下形成的古亚洲洋构造域和特提斯洋动力体系作用下形成的特提斯洋构造域一部分,晚侏罗世至早白垩世经历了构造体制转换,盆地格局发生重大变革,早白垩世以前主要受古亚洲-特提斯洋构造体制影响的强烈挤压造山和地壳增厚作用演变为早白垩世以来主要受太平洋构造体制控制的陆缘伸展裂陷和岩石圈减薄作用,经历侏罗纪古亚洲-特提斯构造体制大陆边缘拗陷和白垩纪以来太平洋构造体制弧后裂陷两大演化阶段。白垩纪以来太平洋构造体制的弧后裂陷演化阶段可细分为早白垩世至始新世裂陷期、渐新世至晚中新世拗陷期和中新世末至全新世裂陷期。  相似文献   

函数模型与随机模型双约束的GPS-InSAR数据融合方法建立三维形变场     

马艳鸽  赵丽华  张盼盼  吕佳凝 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(11):1112-1117

针对InSAR技术研究地表三维形变时监测信息不足的问题，以GPS监测信息为先验信息，建立附有随机模型约束的地表三维形变模型。考虑到SAR卫星极轨方式运行导致LOS向观测量对南北向形变不敏感的问题，以GPS南北向形变观测值作为强约束，构建三维形变解算的函数约束条件。模拟数据与西安地区实测数据的计算结果表明，基于随机模型与函数模型共同约束的地表三维形变参数最小二乘解的精度优于仅有函数模型约束或仅有随机模型约束及无任何约束的参数解精度。  相似文献   

Normal fault growth influenced by basement fabrics: The importance of preferential nucleation from pre‐existing structures     

Luca Collanega  Katherine Siuda  Christopher A.‐L. Jackson  Rebecca E. Bell  Alexander J. Coleman  Antje Lenhart  Craig Magee  Anna Breda 《Basin Research》2019,31(4):659-687

Reactivation of pre‐existing intra‐basement structures can influence the evolution of rift basins, yet the detailed kinematic relationship between these structures and overlying rift‐related faults remains poorly understood. Understanding the kinematic as well as geometric relationship between intra‐basement structures and rift‐related fault networks is important, with the extension direction in many rifted provinces typically thought to lie normal to fault strike. We here investigate this problem using a borehole‐constrained, 3D seismic reflection dataset from the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand. Excellent imaging of intra‐basement structures and a relatively weakly deformed, stratigraphically simple sedimentary cover allow us to: (a) identify a range of interaction styles between intra‐basement structures and overlying, Plio‐Pleistocene rift‐related normal faults; and (b) examine the cover fault kinematics associated with each interaction style. Some of the normal faults parallel and are physically connected to intra‐basement reflections, which are interpreted as mylonitic reverse faults formed during Mesozoic subduction and basement terrane accretion. These geometric relationships indicate pre‐existing intra‐basement structures locally controlled the position and attitude of Plio‐Pleistocene rift‐related normal faults. However, through detailed 3D kinematic analysis of selected normal faults, we show that: (a) normal faults only nucleated above intra‐basement structures that experienced late Miocene compressional reactivation, (b) despite playing an important role during subsequent rifting, intra‐basement structures have not been significantly extensionally reactivated, and (c) preferential nucleation and propagation of normal faults within late Miocene reverse faults and folds appears to be the key genetic relationship between contractionally reactivated intra‐basement structures and rift‐related normal faults. Our analysis shows that km‐scale, intra‐basement structures can control the nucleation and development of newly formed, rift‐related normal faults, most likely due to a local perturbation of the regional stress field. Because of this, simply inverting fault strike for causal extension direction may be incorrect, especially in provinces where pre‐existing, intra‐basement structures occur. We also show that a detailed kinematic analysis is key to deciphering the temporal as well as simply the spatial or geometric relationship between structures developed at multiple structural levels.  相似文献   

多层构造油藏纵向细分计算单元对储量参数及结果的影响     

颜冠山  刘宗宾  宋洪亮  韩雪芳  王欣然 《地质与资源》2020,29(4):342-350

为满足油田中后期精细开发及后续调整挖潜的需要，亟需进行更精细的储量研究，其中最重要的一环就是纵向细分计算单元.对于多层构造油藏，纵向细分主要根据油层组内隔夹层分布特征、小层物性特征，细分到以小层或者分布特征和物性相近且纵向上连续分布的小层组合为计算单元.根据纵向细分计算单元前后储量参数选值的理论推导，结合储层的沉积展布特征，认为含油面积范围内无储层尖灭时，仅平面油层厚度差异较大的油藏平均有效厚度变小.含油面积范围内储层尖灭时，正常三角洲沉积储层的油藏各参数一般都变小；而辫状河三角洲沉积储层的油藏一般平均有效厚度变小，平均有效孔隙度和平均含油饱和度变大.这一结论可以有效指导储量评估过程中纵向细分计算单元方案划分，为同类油田的精细储量研究提供技术支撑.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯地块周缘垂直形变场负位错反演与应变积累研究     

张希  刘立炜  郝明  白卓立 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(6):551-556

利用鄂尔多斯地块及其周缘1970～2014年的垂直形变速率场资料，借助负位错反演研究该区域长期应变积累。结果表明，地块东北缘山西断陷带中北段年均能量积累增量、剪应力强度都较高，西南缘六盘山断裂与渭河断裂西段次之；山西断陷带中南段至晋陕交界处年均剪应力强度较高且显示一定程度的能量积累；西秦岭构造区尤其西秦岭北缘断裂西段、晋冀蒙交界区也反映一定程度的能量积累特性。  相似文献   

The evolution of brittle and ductile structures at the surface of a partly debris-covered,rapidly thinning and slowly moving glacier in 1998–2012 (Pasterze Glacier,Austria)     

Andreas Kellerer-Pirklbauer  Bernd Kulmer 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(5):1034-1049

Many glaciers in alpine regions are currently rapidly receding and thinning at historically unobserved rates causing changes in the velocity field and in normal and shear stresses affecting the surface expression of structures within the ice. We studied the distribution of brittle and ductile structures at the surface of Pasterze Glacier during a 14-year period by analysing orthophotos and digital elevation models of five stages (1998, 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012). A structural glaciological mapping key was applied. Normal faults, strike-slip faults, en échelon structures (systematic stepping of fractures), thrust faults, and band ogives were distinguished. Results indicate substantial deceleration and glacier thinning in 1998–2012. Glacier thinning was not homogenous over time related to the uneven distribution of supraglacial debris causing differential ablation or the selective ablation effects of subglacial water channels. Peculiar supraglacial features observed are circular collapse structures with concentric crevasses which form when the ice between the surface and the roof of water channels decreases. The total length of brittle structures increased from 38.4 km to 56.9 km whereas the extent of the glacier tongue decreased by 25%. The fracture density doubled from 0.009 to 0.018 m/m². Areas of the glacier tongue which were up to 100 m away from the nearest brittle structure increased by 16%. The visual appearance of thrust faults shifted upglacier due to decreasing glacier velocity causing horizontal shortening or due to exhumation of faults that did not previously extend to the surface. A large number of brittle structures are progressively independent from glacier motion. Our study suggests that glacier tongues which are in a state of rapid decay and thinning are prone to fracturing due to normal fault formation and glacier disintegration. Water further increases ablation rates substantially if rather large amounts drain through supra-, en- or subglacial water channels. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献